MariaDB is a fork of MySQL database and is developed as an open-source solution, primarily under the GPL license. It is a binary drop-in replacement of MySQL because it shares the same code base with MySQL 5.5 and later versions.
The MariaDB database is a free alternative to MySQL, and most of the enhancements are specifically aimed at high availability, scalability, and performance in data-intensive, business-critical applications. It can run on GNU/Linux, FreeBSD, Solaris, Mac OS X, Windows, and many other operating systems.
In this post, we will see how to install MariaDB on Debian 10.
Install MariaDB 10.x on Debian 11
You can obtain MariaDB packages for Debian 11 in two ways.
- MariaDB mirror (MariaDB v10.6)
- Debian repository (MariaDB v10.5)
Install MariaDB from Official MariaDB Mirror
Update the repository index and install the required packages.
sudo apt update sudo apt install -y software-properties-common dirmngr apt-transport-https wget curl
Add signing key to your system.
curl -fsSL https://mariadb.org/mariadb_release_signing_key.asc | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/mariadb-keyring.gpg
MariaDB foundation offers a repository for Debian to install MariaDB easily. You can choose any one of the download mirrors from the MariaDB download page to set up the repository on your system.
Add MariaDB repository using the below command.
echo 'deb [arch=amd64 signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/mariadb-keyring.gpg] http://nyc2.mirrors.digitalocean.com/mariadb/repo/10.6/debian bullseye main' | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mariadb.list
Install MariaDB server and client using the following command.
sudo apt update sudo apt install -y mariadb-server mariadb-client
Install MariaDB from Debian Repository
Installing MariaDB from the Debian repository is a straightforward one. But, it may have a bit old version of MariaDB.
sudo apt update sudo apt install -y mariadb-server mariadb-client
Secure MariaDB Installation
The mysql_secure_installation command will secure the installation of MariaDB with the help of provided questions, such as DB root password, manage root remote login, remove anonymous users, and remove test database and access to it.
This command was introduced in version 5.0.3-beta and is helpful when configuring a new server or making changes to an existing MariaDB database server.
sudo mysql_secure_installation
Output:
NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB
SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!
In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user. If you've just installed MariaDB, and
haven't set the root password yet, you should just press enter here.
Enter current password for root (enter for none): << No Password - Press Enter
OK, successfully used password, moving on...
Setting the root password or using the unix_socket ensures that nobody
can log into the MariaDB root user without the proper authorisation.
You already have your root account protected, so you can safely answer 'n'.
Switch to unix_socket authentication [Y/n] N << Disabling Unix Socket login and enabling password Login
... skipping.
You already have your root account protected, so you can safely answer 'n'.
Change the root password? [Y/n] Y << Change MariaDB root password
New password: << Enter Password
Re-enter new password: << Re-Enter Password
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
... Success!
By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for
them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.
Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] Y << Remove Anonymous users
... Success!
Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] Y << Disallow root login remotely
... Success!
By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] Y << Remove test database
- Dropping test database...
... Success!
- Removing privileges on test database...
... Success!
Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.
Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] Y << Reload privilege
... Success!
Cleaning up...
All done! If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB
installation should now be secure.
Thanks for using MariaDB!
Access MariaDB
Log in to the MariaDB server.
mysql -u root -p
Output:
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MariaDB connection id is 53 Server version: 10.6.4-MariaDB-1:10.6.4+maria~bullseye mariadb.org binary distribution Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. MariaDB [(none)]>
Conclusion
That’s All. I hope you have learned how to install MariaDB on Debian 11. Additionally, you can install phpMyAdmin to manage MariaDB over the web interface.